Evidence of Transformation

Evidence of Transformation The declaration of Ka’bah and its surrounding as ‘forbidden’, attracted traders as the Qurayshite formed an oligarchy that extended its forbidden status geographically and made the region economically strong. The Queayshites established a socio religious center within the ‘forbidden’ region where Allah reigned supreme.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence of Transformation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The centralization led to a selective observance of law according to kinship, attracting Arab tribesmen who wanted such privileges (Farah 32). Allah became the equalizing force among the different tribes. However, merchants took over the control of political power from clans, and class brought division between the inner Quraysh and the outer Quraysh. The message brought by Muhammad would bring back this unity (Farah 34). â€Å"But the organization of power among the aristocracy of Quraysh was not complete because their council of oligarchs lacked legislative force and the means to execute decisions without having to resorting to traditional methods. In a society now organizes around functional classes rather than tribal membership, the threat of a blood feud or a protracted vendetta was no longer an effective weapon of social restraint when friction developed within the society†. (Farah 33-34) The above quote makes a critical point in providing the evidence of transformation. It concludes the description of the existing social order in Quraysh before Muhammad (Farah 31). In addition, it offers a narration of the imperfections that existed within the system, which made it inefficient and in need of a solution to the growing injustices. The aristocracy of Quraysh became powerful by forming pacts that quashed clan affiliation in favor of kinship and trade interests. During this time, the socio religious function of Allah as the guarantor of rights outsi de family and tribal members increased (Farah 32). The prominence of Allah helped the Makhzum and Umayya clans to occupy the inner city (Farah 33). However, economic ambitions came before religion and social order, thus the region’s legislation failed to develop at the same rate of its trade and industry development. The traditional methods of the legislature served the region, but did not match the transformed need of the society, which had moved from a classification of tribal affiliation into a classification of economic classes.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second sentence in the above quote informs the reader of the preexisting socio religious condition that was full of injustices before the arrival of Muhammad. Without the imperfections, it would be difficult for the transformation to occur. Alternatively, if a transformation took place with rela tively perfect conditions, then its impact would be negligible. The annihilation of tribal affiliations was a major factor contributing to the co-existence of dissimilar tribes in the Quraysh. Moreover, the declaration and extension of the ‘forbidden’ status of Ka’bah laid a foundation for the assembly of different tribes and their subsequent transformation into the Quraysh. The cohesion allowed the ruling oligarchy to perpetuate social practices such as wage payment for economic reasons. This created a new societal division of the inner Quraysh and their clients and slaves who were on the receiving end of the punitive measures. Muhammad belonged to the outer Quraysh and therefore, identified better with the oppressed (Farah 33). This affiliation would be important for his message to gain prominence. The last part of the quote above is symbolical. Just as the organization around functional classes negated the need for a blood feud, Muhammad would not require the help of the existing political power to spread his message. The fermented state of Mecca already made his message appealing (Farah 34). Farah, Caesar. Islam Beliefs and Observances. Virginia: Barrons Educaton Series, 1970. Print.

16 Manuscript Format Guidelines

16 Manuscript Format Guidelines 16 Manuscript Format Guidelines 16 Manuscript Format Guidelines By Simon Kewin If you submit manuscripts to publishers or agents, you’ve probably come across the demand that you use â€Å"standard manuscript format† (or â€Å"SMF†) for your submissions. However, it isn’t always spelled out what this actually means. Generally speaking, the term indicates that you should format your document with the following guidelines in mind: Type your document, don’t write it. Use a single, clear font, 12 point size. The best to use is Courier or Courier New. At the very least, ensure you use a 12 point, serif font and not something like Arial. Use clear black text on a white background. If you are printing out your submission (rather than submitting it electronically), use good quality plain white paper and print on only one side of each sheet. Include your name and contact information at the top left of the first page. Put an accurate word count at the top right. Put the title half-way down the page, centred, with â€Å"by Your Name† underneath. Start the story beneath that. If you write under a pseudonym, put that beneath the title but your real name in the top left of the first page. Put your name, story title and the page number as a right-justified header on every subsequent page, in the format Name/Title/Page Number. Generally, you can also just use a key word from your title and not repeat the whole thing on each page. Left-justify your paragraphs. Right margins should be â€Å"ragged†. Ensure there is at least a 1 inch (2 centimetre) margin all the way around your text. This is to allow annotation to be written onto a printed copy. Use double spacing for all your text. Don’t insert extra lines between your paragraphs. Indent the first line of each paragraph by about 1/2 inch (1 centimetre). If you want to indicate a blank line, place a blank line, then a line with the # character in the middle of it, then another blank line. Don’t use bold or italic fonts or any other unusual formatting. To emphasise a piece of text you should underline it. Put the word â€Å"End† after your text, centred on its own line. If you are submitting on paper, don’t staple your pages together. Package them up well so that they won’t get damaged and send them off. It’s always worth checking the exact requirements of any market you submit to, but if they don’t specify any formatting requirements, or just say â€Å"standard manuscript format†, follow these guidelines. This will make a good impression and help mark you out as a serious, professional writer. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesEnglish Grammar 101: Verb MoodPractice or Practise?

CRITIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE ARTICLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRITIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE ARTICLE - Essay Example The Research Purpose/Objectives This paper seeks to investigate the role of clinical preceptors in enhancing socialization and professional training to nursing students. Besides, the paper seeks to develop critical skills among nursing students. In summary, this research explores the role, responsibilities, and importance of preceptors in clinical education and training. The role of preceptors and other clinical expert in respect with the baccalaureate nursing programmes should not be over-looked as they facilitate the transition process in nursing (Rogan, 2009). Finally, this research aims at establishing the level of qualifications and nature of preparations accorded to preceptors in this challenging but life changing society. The level of preparation that the receptors receive is fundamental in determining their effectiveness and professional standards. The Research Questions This research seeks answer the following research questions: i. Are the preceptors’ level of educat ion and training sufficient enough to enhance their interpersonal and professional skill? ii. Are the preceptor nurse effective in facilitating the transition process of the student nurse to professional standards are required of them? iii. Is the socialization process during the transition effective and skilful? iv. Other than facilitating the transition process, what other responsibilities are preptor nurses charged with? Informed Consent and Ethical Considerations The study made various efforts to fulfill the informed consent and ethical considerations requirement for any valid research. First, the researcher obtained an approval from the relevant institutional review board, which commissioned the undertaking of the study (Rogan, 2009). This gave an authority and authenticity to the study being undertaken, allowing the researcher to access the desired information more easily. The second informed consent consideration made, was to obtain an approval from the hospitals from which t he participants were recruited, making it official that the study had been approved by those institutions. The researcher included a letter that stated the purpose of the study, which made the participants respond to the research with great ease, since they were fully aware of the objectives for which the study was being undertaken (Rogan, 2009). Finally, to preserve the confidentiality of the participants, the completed instruments of study bore no identifiers, which is consistent with the ethical consideration for research information privacy. Description of the Research Design The study applied a case study research design, where the study concentrated on answering the research questions, based on the data obtained from two midsized hospitals (Rogan, 2009). The first hospital was an academic medical center, where it would be easy to find nursing students integrated into the institutions, as they work hand-in-hand with the employed receptor nurses. The second hospital was a privat e facility, which was most appropriate in presenting the real picture of the perception of the nurses towards BSN student preceptor-ship, as opposed to the academic center, where there is a high likelihood of constant and consistent nurse to BSN student relationship. Considering that the nature of the study was relatively new, prompting further studies into the s only concentrate on a few areas and a small sample population, just to create an insight into the nature of the percep

English Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English Assignment - Essay Example Due to the dynamic nature of dancing, many dance films were created to show the complexities in the lives of dancers, as well as how their lives were shaped or changed through dancing, and a lot of which were appreciated by most movie-goers as shown by box office ratings and total worldwide grosses. In this paper, two movies about dancing are compared, Save the Last Dance (2001) and Black Swan (2001) which both show dancing as the driving force not just in the plot, but also in changing the lives of the characters portrayed. The dance films Save the Last Dance and Black Swan are high quality films that feature love of dance and how it is related to a person’s upbringing, social status, and character building. The two films are both considered to be high-quality films despite being labeled as independent films, or â€Å"indies† due to the high grosses during the release, the number of awards given to and nominated for, as well as the competence of the actors, the actress es, and the directors. In spite of having production budgets roughly around $10,000,000, both movies did very well in the box office and easily recovered the expenses incurred, with Save the Last Dance totaling a lifetime gross of $131, 706, 803 (Box Office Mojo – Save the Last Dance), and $329, 443, 368 for Black Swan (Box Office Mojo – Black Swan). ... It also won in the MTV Movie Awards in 2001 for Best Kiss (Julia Stiles and Sean Patrick Thomas) and Breakthrough Male Performance (Sean Patrick Thomas). Black Swan also received awards as well, not just from award-giving bodies in the United States, but also from around the world. Among these are: AFI Awards Movie of the Year (2011); Academy Awards Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role (Natalie Portman); Best Foreign Film in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Argentina; Excellence in Production Design Award from the Art Directors Guild; Blue Ribbon Award for Best Foreign Film; Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role (Natalie Portman); and the Venice Film Festival for Marcello Mastroianni Award (Mila Kunis) (Black Swan – Awards†). The number of awards received by the actors and actresses in the two movies attest to the excellent performance of the cast, and their skills in the portrayal of chara cters were able to carry the films through despite the considerably low budget for both films. Also, the actors and actresses were able to show their versatile acting skills that strongly convinced viewers of the emotions that were felt by the characters that they portray. Their skills were recognized not just by the award-giving bodies, but also the audiences that watched them, since it is a common fact that most films that were able to show true emotions win awards as well as the admiration of the audiences. Aside from the movies having good credentials, both for the directors as well as the actors that played in it, the plots were also convincing enough that many people can

Writing Styles in the Puritan Time Period Essay Example for Free

Writing Styles in the Puritan Time Period Essay In American Literature, the period of the Puritans sticks out as a time with many great authors. Two, William Bradford and Reverend Jonathan Edwards are still studied today. Bradford was an author who wrote about the historical section of Puritan life, while Edwards was a great speaker who wrote sermons to give in front of his congregation. Although living in the same time period Reverend Jonathan Edwards and William Bradford used very different styles of writing. In writing, praise and everyday living the Puritans favored the ordinary and simple. William Bradford wrote in what is considered the plain style. This form of writing was used by many Puritan authors and was thought to be direct and to the point. The plain style consisted of simple sentences and everyday used language. It never had figures of speech and especially not any imagery. A good example of this style is found in the passage from Bradfords Of Plymouth Plantation, They began now to gather in the small harvest they had, and to fit up their houses against winter, being all well recovered in health and strength and had  all things in good plenty. William took this otherwise exciting story of the Puritans first winter and wrapped it all into one monotonous sentence. Bradfords word choice epitomized the plain style and that was all the Puritan society would read or hear until Jonathan Edwards. The Reverend Jonathan Edwards chose a style expressing his concerns much more creatively than his fellow Puritan authors. Jonathans style was almost the complete opposite than the plain style. He used many figures of speech and  metaphors. An example of one of these fiery metaphors is from his speech, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God , The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked. Reverend Edwards was comparing God and man to someone holding a spider over a fire. Another excellent illustration of this vivid description is from the same speech, O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: It is a great furnace  of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God. This shows that Reverend Edwards also used these figures of speech to strike fear in his audience. He used this fear factor to make the natural men of his audience, truly understand the horror of their sins. This style of writing differed so much from typical Puritan style that it often got Jonathan into trouble with his parish. Although living in near the same time period, William Bradford and  Jonathan Edwards style of writing were very contrary to each other. Bradford a typical Puritan author followed suit and used the plain style of writing while on the other hand Edwards went to the other extreme with incorporating fear and blame in his speeches. Jonathan Edwards was more controversial and disputed and William Bradford was plain, simple and to the point. Even though both forms of writing varied from one another, both styles were successful in getting the authors point across.

Saving Private Ryan Essay -- essays research papers

Saving Private Ryan is a movie that generates strong responses from most people that see it. While interviewing four individuals and reading three movie reviews, I found that each of my subjects would recommend it, not one of the individuals interviewed felt the violence was senseless, and all of them left the movie with a strong emotional response of some kind. It appears that Saving Private Ryan is the kind of movie to which many can relate. Saving Private Ryan is not a romantic, feel-good movie, but it is probably one of the best movies released this year. It is without a doubt one of the most realistic films produced. Each person that I spoke with, and all three of the internet criticisms that I read voiced positive opinions about this movie. It has different types of entertainment for all kinds of viewers. It has elements of violence, patriotism, sentimentality, and heroism all rolled into one film. All of my subjects, including the internet critics, feel that Saving Private Ryan will receive many awards, and that it is a credit to Steven Spielberg as a director. When asked if they would recommend the film to another each of my interviewees responded positively. One widely talked about part of this film is the huge degree of violence. In this case however, contrary to the usual attitudes, the violence is not described as senseless or excessive by anyone that I spoke with. This movie is obviously set against the backdrop of World War II, beginning with D-Day and the b...

Black People and Birdie Essay

In her novel Caucasia, Danzy Senna paints the image of a young bi-racial girl, Birdie, growing up in the 70’s and 80’s. Her mother is a white, blueblood Bostonian woman turned political activist, and her father is a black Boston University professor with radical ideas about race. Birdie and her older sister Cole are both bi-racial children, but Cole looks more black and Birdie looks more white. The two sisters are separated early in the novel and then the rest of the story focuses on Birdie and how she needs to â€Å"pass† as white. Passing is the ability of a person to be regarded as a member of social groups other than his or her own, such as a different race, ethnicity, social class, or gender, generally with the purpose of gaining social acceptance. Birdie’s existence is the ultimate experiment on how to pass. She is first asked to pass as black at Nkrumah, even though she doesn’t fit the profile of a black child. Then she is taken to New Hampshire and asked to be the opposite of what she’d been before- a white Jewish girl. Senna introduces Birdie to all different versions of the races she is torn between, and none of them seem to fit quite right. Through Birdie, Senna is making the point we see that there is no one size fits all version of any race. Birdie is exposed to many different ideas of what it means to be black while she’s younger, even though the general idea of the time was very specific. All of the adults around her are busy preaching this idea of The Black Person, but they are showing her all different versions of what that really means. The first impression she gets of a black person is her father who â€Å"in the past year had discovered Black Pride and†¦ was trying to purge himself of his ‘honkified past’†(10). Deck is an intellectual; he studied at Harvard and is a professor at Boston University. However by the time his daughters are old enough to really start understanding things, he has gotten caught up in the idea of The Black Person, saying things about his sister like â€Å"she sleeps with these white boys, then acts surprised when they don’t take her home for dinner. I told her, these ofays just want their thirty minutes of difference†(10). He’s telling his daughters that the way to truly be black is to have no association with white people, which is a direct contradiction of his own life and something that is impossible for them to do given their genealogy. He’s telling them there’s no way for them to be the ideological black person. Then the girls go to Nkrumah, a black power school. This school is supposed to be about owning your race and being proud of being black, but Birdie isn’t initially accepted well because she’s not ‘black enough’. The way she becomes more accepted is through her sister, but also because she assimilates to the idea of black culture that her school has. She reads Ebony magazine, speaks in a specific slang, dresses differently and does her hair in a braid to hide it’s smoothness. At Nkrumah, she tries to live as though she doesn’t have a white mother. However, that’s not who she is. She says that she â€Å"learned the art of changing at Nkrumah, a skill that would later become second nature†(62). She’s acknowledging here that this all black persona isn’t who she is. She’s simply changing, pretending. Pretending is what Birdie has to do for most of this book, but as she gets older instead of needing to pass as black, she needs to instead adopt a new identity as Jesse Goldman, a Jewish white girl. She maintains in her mind that she is black, and is just pretending with her white half. While using this persona, and having the mindset that she is just gathering information on whiteness, Birdie gets painted a picture of different types of white people. In an authoritative sense, Birdie gets ideas about being white from her mother and her mother’s boyfriend Jim. Jim is the type of white man who likes to act like he’s liberal until it comes down to real world circumstances. After causing a scene with some young black men, Jim says â€Å"I swear, I try to be liberal. I try really, really hard. But when you meet fucking punks like that, you start to wonder. I mean, Jesus, what did we do to deserve that? We’re on their side and they don’t even know it† (265). Jim is the white man who sees his liberality as a gift instead of a belief. Birdie says about this that â€Å"it scared me a little†¦. how easily they could become cowering white folks, nothing more, nothing less† (264). To contrast these this very negative views of what it means to be white, Birdie also has her mother as a model. Despite coming from an upper class, white family and the struggles that she has with that, Sandy is a white person who firmly believes in equality, even if she may take it to extremes. She tells her daughters â€Å"that politics weren’t complicated. They were simple. People, she said, deserved four basic things: food, love, shelter, and a good education† (22). This is the opposite from what Birdie has seen in other white people. Her mother doesn’t revert to racism or abandon her views when it comes time for her to uphold them. Finally, Birdie befriends the most racist girls in school saying it’s because â€Å"there was a safety in this pantomime. The less [she] behaved like [herself], the more [she] could believe that this was still a game†(233). However, as much as she’d like to say she’s acting, she assimilates to this culture just like she did the black culture at Nkrumah; â€Å"I was a New Hampshire girl now†¦we dressed identically: cutoff jean short, halter tops that exposed our tan bellies, and jelly shoes on our feet† (244-245). This version of being white was a skin Birdie could slide on easily, even if she didn’t really want to. The only thing that shocks her out of the comfort she’s fallen into in this identity is the fact that another half black girl recognizes that she’s not fully white; â€Å"I’m black, like you† (286). None of these ideas about race fit Birdie. She cannot exactly fit into a version of what it means to be white because that’s not the only part of who she is. She also cannot be fully black, not only because she has light skin but also because that’s not the only part of her heritage that exists. Birdie is the perfect example of how multidimensional race is. There is no one way to be black and there is no one way to be white. Race isn’t one size fits all.

Buck’s Dilemma Essay

Solution 1 — Classification with the Statement of Cash Flows Buck should present the borrowing and payment activity as a cash flow from financing activities. ASC 230-10-45-14 states that â€Å"proceeds from issuing bonds, mortgages, notes, and from other short- or long-term borrowing† are a cash inflow from financing activities. Similarly, ASC 23010-45-15 states that â€Å"repayments of amounts borrowed† are a cash outflow for financing activities. Solution 2 — Gross versus net presentation Scenario 1 Net presentation is appropriate. Buck may classify the activity as a $50 million net cash inflow ($100 million in total draws less the $50 million repayment) within the financing activities section of the statement of cash flows. Buck’s activities in Scenario 1 are broadly consistent with the requirements for net presentation under ASC 230-10-45-8 and 45-9. Specifically, the draws and payments on the facility can be considered large in relation to the maximum borrowing capacity (Buck actually reached its maximum borrowing capacity before making any repayments). The volume of the transactions is assumed to be large (note, in practice, this determination typically involves judgment and is dependent upon individual facts and circumstances). In addition, the terms of both draws stipulate that all amounts are due on demand; therefore, Buck should consider the draws as having original maturities of three months or less. ASC 230-10-45-9 only permits net presentation when borrowings have original maturities of three months or less. Scenario 2 The activity related to Buck’s first draw and subsequent repayment should be presented on a gross basis within the financing activities section as a $60 million inflow for the draw on July 15, 2010, and a $60 million outflow for the repayment on December 15, 2010. The activity related to Buck’s second  draw and subsequent repayment may be presented on a net basis within the financing activities section. The $40 million draw on September 30, 2010, and the repayment on December 1, 2010, net to zero for annual reporting purposes. Buck’s activities related to both of the draws in Scenario 2 once again reflect some of the characteristics within the cash flow statement guidance. The transactions can be considered large in relation to the maximum borrowing capacity, and the volume of activity is assumed to be large (note, in practice, these determinations typically involve judgment and are dependent upon individual facts and circumstances). Unlike Scenario 1, the terms of the draws do not consider the draws to be due on demand to Buck’s bank. Rather, the first draw has an original maturity of six months, and the second draw has an original maturity of three months or less. Therefore, in accordance with ASC 230-10-45-9, Buck must present the activity related to the first draw on a gross basis because the original maturity is greater than three months. In turn, net presentation is appropriate for the second draw since it has an original maturity of three months or less. Scenario 3 Buck should present all borrowing and payment activity under the Facility on a gross basis within the financing activities section of the statement of cash flows. The draws on the Facility do not have any specific repayment provisions other than the overall expiration date of the Facility as of December 31, 2012. While the activity does have some of the factors needed to consider net presentation, including large dollar amounts in relation to the maximum borrowing capacity and large volumes of transactions (see notes in Scenarios 1 and 2 above), the draws do not have an original maturities of three months or less. Under the provisions of Scenario 3, the only activities that Buck could potentially present net within its statement of cash flows are transactions occurring on or after October 1, 2012. Said differently, only draws occurring within three months of the Facility’s expiration would be considered to have original maturities of three months or less. Solution 3 — IFRSs Under IFRSs, IAS 7 is the primary source of guidance for determining how to present information about the cash flows of an entity within the financial statements. IFRSs and U.S. GAAP are broadly consistent regarding net versus gross presentation. Similar to U.S. GAAP, IFRSs generally require entities to present information about an entity’s amounts of cash receipts and cash payments during a period on a gross basis. However, in certain circumstances, IFRSs permit certain cash flow activities to be presented on a net basis. Paragraph 22(b) of IAS 7 states that cash flows may be reported on a net basis when â€Å"cash receipts and payments for items in which the turnover is quick, the amounts are large, and the maturities are short.† This guidance is generally consistent with the provisions of ASC 230-1045-8. Further, paragraph 23A of IAS 7 provides the following examples of cash receipts and payments that may be presented net under the criteria set forth in paragraph 22( b): a. principal amounts relating to credit card customers; b. the purchase and sale of investments; and c. other short-term borrowings, for example, those which have a maturity period of three months or less. Accordingly, under IFRSs, an entity’s cash inflows and outflows associated with a revolving line of credit may potentially be presented on a net basis within the financing activities section of the statement of cash flows, provided the aforementioned criteria are met. Therefore, the conclusions under IFRSs for each scenario in this case would be consistent with that reached under U.S. GAAP.

Factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet Essay Example

Factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet Essay Example Factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet Essay Factors affecting the strength of an electromagnet Essay Introduction: An electromagnet consists of a long coil of wire wound on a soft iron core. When current flows through the wire the soft iron core becomes magnetized by induction and thus acts as a magnet till the current flows. The strength of an electromagnet can be affected by various factors such as no.of coils, specific resistance of the wire used to coil the core, the thickness of the wire etc. In this experiment the effect of changing the no.of coils and the thickness of the wire used will be determined.Aim: To determine the effect of changing the no.of coils and the thickness of wire used on the strength of an electromagnet.Hypothesis:* The strength of a magnet will increase with increase in no.of coils as more current passes the iron core causing more efficient magnetic induction and thus a stronger magnetic field.* The strength of the magnet will increase with the increase in the thickness of the wire too because it is already known that resistance is inversely proportional t o cross-sectional area. Thus as resistance drops, more current will flow through the electromagnet causing a larger magnetic field.Apparatus: Soft iron core ( a long nail) Copper wire of three thicknesses Power supply Metre rule Connecting wires and alligator clips A magnetic compass AmmeterProcedure:1. Take 80cm of a chosen thickness of copper wire.2. Tightly wind it around the soft iron core 40 times. 40 coils should be on the core.3. Leave a little wire towards the ends for connections to be made.4. Set up the circuit as shown:5. Align the electromagnet created north with the help of a compass.6. Now place a metre rule parallel to the electromagnet so that the distance from the electromagnet at which the compass deflects may be recorded.7. Now switch on the power supply and adjust the current flowing to 0.5amps using the controls on the power supply.8. Let the current flow for about thirty seconds.9. Then, place the compass, aligned north, on the edge of the metre rule at 100cm a nd slowly slide it along the meter rule towards the electromagnet.10. As it slides, keep a close eye at the distance at which the compass first shows deflection and record the distance observed.11. Now reduce the no.of coils to 35 and cut the extra wire keeping only a little at the ends to make connections.12. Keep reducing the no.of coils to 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 and recording the distance at which deflection occurs.13. Follow the same procedure with different thicknesses of wire.A modification in procedure:== It is known that soft iron magnetizes quickly because its domains are aligned quickly, thus there was a break given between the experiments and the iron bar hammered once gently to remove as much magnetism as possible before carrying on with different no.of coils and thickness.Safe Test:== The un-insulated wire should not be touched when current is flowing.== The current should be kept at a safe level and a current overload indicator must be attached to the circuit.== The circui t should not be left un-monitored and the power should be switched off as soon as the work is done.Fair Test:== The current was kept constant for all the different thicknesses of wire and different no.of coils.== The material of the wires, copper, was also constant.== The voltage applied was also kept constant.== The compass used was the same for the whole experiment.== The length by which the wire was cut every time the no,of coils was reduced was also kept constant.== The electromagnet was realigned every time its position was moved to changed the no of coils.Observation:Raw Data TableTable 1: Table showing the variation in distance at which the compass deflects with change in no.of coils and diameter of the wire.No. of CoilsDistance at which compass deflectsDiameter of copper wire0.26mm0.58mm0.97mm1019.023.026.51521.525.029.02025.528.031.02528.031.034.03032.035.037.03536.038.041.04039.042.046.0The only raw data that may be processed is the diameter of the wire to find the cross-s ectional area of the wire.Processed Data TableTable 2: Table showing the variation in distance at which the compass deflects with change in no.of coils and cross-sectional area of the wire.No. of CoilsDistance at which compass deflectsCross-sectional area of wire of copper wire0.05mmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.26 mmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.74 mmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1019.023.026.51521.525.029.02025.528.031.02528.031.034.03032.035.037.03536.038.041.04039.042.046.0Graph 1: Graph showing the change in extent of electromagnetic field with the change in no. of coils on the electromagnet.Graphical Analysis: The graph above clearly shows the positive correlation between the no of coils and the distance at which the compass deflects. As the no.of coils are increased, the electromagnetic field of the magnet increases steadily. Also, a distinct difference and similarity is seen between the graphs of the different thicknesses. Their gradients are very similar, even though the position of the graph changes with each thickness. T he effect of thickness will be depicted further in the next graph. A few points that are off the lines of best fit are not entirely anomalies but, probably, the result of not enough results of other inaccuracies which will be discussed later.Graph 2: Graph showing the changes in extent of magnetic field with the changing thickness of wire.Graphical Analysis: This graph clearly shows the variation in extent of magnetic field at every thickness for the different no.of coils. The difference in the values of different thicknesses is quite noticeable and also constant.Conclusion: After close observation and analysis, it can be concluded that as the no.of coils on an electromagnet increase, so does the extent of the field created by it. Also, as the thickness of the wire used for coiling increases the resistance of the wire drops and the electromagnet becomes stronger. The hypothesis stated earlier has been proved right.Evaluation: Overall, this experiment proved to be quite successful ap art from the minor inaccuracies in readings. However, this experiment could have been made better:== The experiment could have been carried out more times for a better average.== The effect of a larger range of varying thicknesses could have been determined.== Two compasses could have been used for measuring the distance at which deflection occurs to take the average distance of both of them.== The effect of changing the material of the wire could have also been seen.

German Language Spelling With a Double S or Eszett (ß)

German Language Spelling With a Double S or Eszett (ß) A unique feature of the German alphabet  is the ß  character. Found in no other language, part of the uniqueness of ß- aka eszett (s-z) or scharfes s (sharp s)- is that, unlike all other German letters, it exists only in the lower case. This exclusivity may help explain why many Germans and Austrians are so attached to the character. Since being introduced in 1996, spelling reform (Rechtschreibreform) has shaken the German-speaking world and caused raging controversy.  Even though the Swiss have managed to live peacefully without the ß in Swiss-German for decades, some German-speakers are up in arms over its possible demise. Swiss writers, books, and periodicals have long ignored the ß, using double-s (ss) instead. Thats why its all the more puzzling that the International Working Committee for [German] Spelling (Internationaler Arbeitskreis fà ¼r Orthographie) chose to keep this troublesome oddity in certain words while eliminating its use in others. Why not just toss out this troublemaker that non-Germans and German beginners often mistake for a capital B, and be done with it? If the Swiss can get by without it, why not the Austrians and Germans? Double S Reforms From Rechtschreibreform The rules for when to use the ß rather than ss have never been easy, but while the simplified spelling rules are less complex, they continue the confusion. German spelling reformers included a section called  sonderfall ss/ß (neuregelung), or special case ss/ß (new rules). This section says, For the sharp (voiceless) [s] after a long vowel or diphthong, one writes ß, as long as no other consonant follows in the word stem.  Alles klar? (Got that?) Thus, while the new rules reduce the use of the ß, they still leave intact the old bugaboo that means some German words are spelled with ß, and others with ss. (The Swiss are looking more reasonable by the minute, arent they?) The new and improved rules mean that the conjunction formerly known as  daß or that should now be spelled  dass  (short-vowel rule), while the adjective groß for big adheres to the long-vowel rule. Many words formerly spelled with ß are now written with ss, while others retain the sharp-s character (technically known as the sz ligature):  Straße for street, but  schuss  for shot.  Fleiß for diligence, but  fluss for river. The old mixing of different spellings for the same root word also remains  fließen for  flow, but  floss for flowed.  Ich weiß for I know, but  ich wusste for I knew. Though reformers were forced to make an exception for the oft-used preposition  aus, which otherwise would now have to be spelled  auß,  außen for outside, remains. Alles klar? Gewiss! (Everything clear? Certainly!) German Response While making things slightly easier for teachers and students of German, the new rules remain good news for the publishers of German dictionaries. They fall far short of true simplification, which many disappointed people had anticipated. Of course, the new rules cover much more than just the use of the ß, so its not difficult to see why  Rechtschreibreform  has sparked protests and even court cases in Germany. A June 1998 poll in Austria revealed that only about 10 percent of Austrians favored the orthographic reforms. A huge 70 percent rated the spelling changes as nicht gut. But despite the controversy, and even a Sept. 27, 1998 vote against the reforms in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, the new spelling rules have been judged valid in recent court rulings. The new rules officially went into effect on Aug. 1, 1998, for all government agencies and schools. A transitional period allowed the old and new spellings to coexist until July 31, 2005. Since then only the new spelling rules are considered valid and correct, even though most German-speakers continue to spell German as they always have, and there are no regulations or laws that prevent them from doing so. Perhaps the new rules are a step in the right direction, without going far enough. Some feel that the current reform should have dropped ß completely (as in German-speaking Switzerland), eliminated the anachronistic  capitalization of nouns  (as English did hundreds of years ago), and further simplified German spelling and punctuation in many other ways. But those who protest against spelling reform (including authors who should know better) are misguided, trying to resist needed changes in the name of tradition. Many counterarguments are demonstrably false while placing emotion over reason. Still, though schools and government are still subject to the new rules, most German speakers are against the reforms. The revolt by the  Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung  in Aug. 2000, and later by other German newspapers, is yet another sign of the widespread unpopularity of the reforms. Time alone will tell how the spelling reform story ends.

Ethical Analysis of Snowdengate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical Analysis of Snowdengate - Research Paper Example The paper also shared the extent that private U.S. companies cooperated with the NSA and their collection and monitoring programs. The documents supporting the details behind NSA activities were provided by Edward Snowden working as a Booz Allen Hamilton employee as an infrastructure analyst inside the NSA center in Hawaii (NSA Chief, 2013). The remainder of this paper will discuss ‘Snowdengate’ with the intent of providing an ethical analysis of Snowden’s decision to release classified documents to the world. Once Snowden became tuned to a possible breach in the law by the NSA and their activities he had several options available to him with differing levels viability and ethical completeness. Essentially, Snowden chose to show the entire world, our enemies and friends, thousands of U.S. confidential intelligence documents that reported on our activities. Many critics feel like Snowden’s actions led to one of the biggest breaches to U.S. National Security and claim there were other ways for Snowden to criticize NSA activities. Our team will assess other options available and stakeholder interests in order to analyze Snowden’s actions. Edward Snowden, originally from North Carolina, was born in 1983. Snowden started his career in the Global Communications Division with the Central Intelligence Agency in 2006. In 2009, he began a position with Dell as a contractor to the NSA and left in 2013 to work for Booz Allen Hamilton as an infrastructure analyst within the NSA. Snowden’s motivation and dedication to work for the government as a government contractor stemmed from his upbringing. Snowden’s family has served the U.S. government for decades.His father, Lon, rose through the enlisted ranks of the Coast Guard to warrant officer, a difficult path. His mother, Wendy, worked for the US District Court in Baltimore, while his older sister, Jessica, became a lawyer at the Federal